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Little Russia, sometimes Little Rus’ ((ロシア語:Малая Русь) or Малороссия; or Rus' Minor from ), is a territory of former Cossack Hetmanate after its annexation by Tsardom of Muscovy and transformation of the Cossack Hetmanate into the Little Russia Governorate in 1764. At the same time Kyrylo Rozumovsky resigned as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host. The Little Russia Governorate was administered by the Collegium of Little Russia headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev. The purpose of the Collegium of Little Russia was to liquidate any remnants of autonomy in Ukraine.〔(Collegium of Little Russia ) at the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia〕〔(Collegium of Little Russia ) at the Jurist Encyclopedia〕 With time it developed into a political and geographical term in the Russian language referring to most of the territory of modern-day Ukraine before the twentieth century. Accordingly, derivatives such as "Little Russian" ((ロシア語:малоросский)) were commonly applied to the people, language, and culture of the area. Prior to the revolutionary events of 1917 a large part the region's elite population were followers of Little Russian identity which competed with the local Ukrainian identity. After the collapse of the Russian Empire, and with the amalgamation of Ukrainian territories into one administrative unit the word was phased out of circulation and when used took on a derogatory connotation denoting those Ukrainians with little or no national consciousness. The term retains currency among Russian monarchists and nationalists who deny that Ukraine and Ukrainians are distinct from Russia and Russians. Because Ukraine and its people have undergone the process of nation-building over the last seven hundred years, Little Russia, even in the historic context, can only loosely be considered an equivalent for the word Ukraine. By the late 1980s, the term had become an archaic one, and its anachronistic usage was considered strongly offensive by Ukrainians.〔(Eternal Russia:Yeltsin, Gorbachev, and the Mirage of Democracy ) by Jonathan Steele, Harvard University Press, 1988, ISBN 978-0-674-26837-1 (page 216)〕 == Etymology == The toponym translates as ''Little'' or ''Lesser Rus’'' and is adapted from the Greek term, used in medieval times by patriarchs of Constantinople since the fourteenth century (it first appeared in church documents in 1335). The Byzantines called the northern and southern part of the lands of ''Rus’'' as: – Greater Rus’) and – Lesser or Little Rus’), respectively. Initially ''Little'' or ''Lesser'' meant the smaller part,〔 as after the division of the united Rus' metropolis (ecclesiastical province) into two parts in 1305, a new southwestern metropolis in the land of Halych-Volynia consisted of only 6 of the 19 former eparchies.〔 Соловьев А. В. (Великая, Малая и Белая Русь ) // Вопросы истории. – М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1947. – № 7. – С. 24–38.〕 Later it lost its ecclesiastical meaning and became a fully geographic name.〔 In the seventeenth century the term ''Malorossiya'' was introduced into Russian. In English the term is often translated ''Little Russia'' or ''Little Rus’,'' depending on the context.〔Some works of modern scholars that make such distinction are: Paul Robert Magocsi ''"The Roots of Ukrainian Nationalism: Galicia As Ukraine's Piedmont"'', University of Toronto Press (2002), ISBN 0-8020-4738-6 Serhii Plokhy, ''"The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus"'', Cambridge University Press (2006), ISBN 0-521-86403-8〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Little Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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